# Kisspeptin References: The Cited Literature

> Kisspeptin references: the full cited literature behind these digests — the puberty genetics, the GnRH-neuron mechanism, the human LH and testosterone trials, the IVF and sexual-brain studies, with DOIs.

Peer-reviewed studies and reviews, each with a DOI and a PubMed link.

## How to read this list

Every numbered claim across this site maps to a source below. The list runs from the foundational genetics that established kisspeptin's role, through the single-neuron mechanism, the human dose-response trials in men and women, the IVF and hypothalamic-amenorrhea fertility work, and the sexual-brain studies that define this site's lens, to the newest delivery and safety data. Each entry carries a DOI or PubMed identifier so the original can be located directly. The complete Kisspeptin references appear in the indexed list.

## References

[1] Dhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Patterson M, et al. Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(12):6609-6615. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16174713/
[2] Liu X, Lee K, Herbison AE. Kisspeptin excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through a phospholipase C/calcium-dependent pathway regulating multiple ion channels. Endocrinology. 2008;149(9):4605-4614. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483150/
[3] George JT, Veldhuis JD, Roseweir AK, et al. Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(8):E1228-E1236. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21632807/
[4] Seminara SB, Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, et al. The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(17):1614-1627. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573733/
[5] Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Veldhuis JD, et al. Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(6):E953-E961. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24517142/
[6] Abbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, et al. Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(9):3322-3331. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192876/
[7] Velmurugan H, Mannava AS, Thangaraju P, Neelambaran K. Kisspeptin and its current clinical status - a systematic review. Curr Med Chem. 2025;32:1313-1322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265397/
[8] Mills EG, Ertl N, Wall MB, et al. Effects of kisspeptin on sexual brain processing and penile tumescence in men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(2):e2254313. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36735255/
[9] Comninos AN, Yang L, O'Callaghan J, et al. Effects of kisspeptin administration in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2236131. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36287566/
[10] Sato K, Shirai R, Yamaguchi M, et al. Potent vasoconstrictor kisspeptin-10 induces atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability: reversal by its receptor GPR54 antagonist. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(4):e005790. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28411243/
[10b] Jayasena CN, Abbara A, Narayanaswamy S, et al. Subcutaneous infusion of kisspeptin-54 stimulates gonadotrophin release in women and the response correlates with basal oestradiol levels. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016;85(1):19-25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26572695/
[11] Mills EG, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, et al. Kisspeptin administration stimulates reproductive hormones but does not affect anxiety in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110:dgaf128. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036336/
[11b] Adekunbi DA, Li XF, Lass G, et al. Kisspeptin neurones in the posterodorsal medial amygdala modulate sexual partner preference and anxiety in male mice. J Neuroendocrinol. 2018;30:e12572. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29356147/
[12] Jayasena CN, Nijher GM, Chaudhri OB, et al. Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(11):4315-4323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820030/
[13] Abbara A, Al-Memar M, Phylactou M, et al. Kisspeptin in the prediction of pregnancy complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:942664. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35928889/
[14] Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, Ma D, et al. Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(5):1761-1766. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665093/
[16] Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, et al. Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans. EBioMedicine. 2025;115:105689. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40215751/

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A field-notebook reading of the kisspeptin literature — the upstream-of-GnRH pulse it sets watched closely and recorded plainly, its sexual-brain findings kept apart from what people merely report; a place where the record is kept, never a clinic, a vendor, or a prescription.